The Structure of Charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol Essay

Charles Dickens’s, a British social reformer which has presented to an audience a brilliant novel: A Christmas Carol. The play is set in the mid 1900’s where the industrial revolution was introduced which resulted in inventions such as machines; people consequently were fleeing the countryside for work in city for good paying jobs, for good achieving business people this gave their business a massive amount of money but a small minority of people were underprivileged because money was distributed unfairly. The basis of the story is to show the audience that money alone cannot bring happiness, but it is how you use it. The novel is incredibly carefully structured into five staves and the last stave and the first stave being total†¦show more content†¦These synonyms demonstrate how selfish Scrooge is and what he would do to get money. Dickens is saying rain and snow can pour down handsomely but scrooge handsomely pours down money this shows rain can have a positive effect but scrooge has none. When Scrooge’s nephew first appears Dickens uses the opposite metaphor of cold ‘he was all in a glow’ this shows Scrooge’s nephew has a good heart. The nephew is Scrooge’s only living relative and Dickens is suggesting Scrooge can change to be like his nephew. The audience realizes that Scrooge’s nephew has a good heart and Scrooge has the potential to be the same. Dickens is hinting something to come later. Two other business men come to visit Scrooge to collect charity money off Scrooge, but they are not collecting to give Christmas presents they are collecting for common necessities. When Scrooge tells the two gentlemen he does not want to give any money the two business men suggest Scrooge wants to remain ‘anonymous’ but Scrooge replies ‘are they no prisons ‘or ‘workhouses, Dickens is showing us just because you are a business man you do not have to be cruel like Scrooge. Towards the end of the novel Scrooge changes and kindly gives the two business man a large amount of money and the two businesses are astounded that Scrooge has changed and are wondering if he is another man. Dickens is so mean that if they are soShow MoreRelated Critique of Christmas Time in Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol2831 Words   |  12 PagesCritique of Christmas Time in Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol An audience members gleeful first-hand account of Charles Dickenss public reading of A Christmas Carol unwittingly exposes an often overlooked contradiction in the storys climax: Finally, there is Scrooge, no longer a miser, but a human being, screaming at the conversational boy in Sunday clothes, to buy him the prize turkey that never could have stood upon his legs, that bird (96). Perhaps he is no longer a miserRead MoreDickens Use of Language and Structure to Build Up a Picture of the Joy of Christmas Present1022 Words   |  5 PagesDickens Use of Language and Structure to Build Up a Picture of the Joy of Christmas Present I’m going to analyse stave 3 of a Christmas carol, Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth in 1812. 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Social Media Sites - 1383 Words

Social media sites present a platform through which people are able to build connections based on shared interests. The internet is used to generally reach out to people in one’s social network and easily communicate. There are a number of social networking sites including Facebook, Twitter, Linked-In, Instagram, Flicker and many others. Most of them are open to individuals from any part of the world such that they are allowed to connect seamlessly. Depending on one’s interests, the social media sites are available for each and every class of people. LinkedIn for example is only useful for professionals who are keen to build their career profiles by accessing job openings or obtaining career advice. Twitter is for people who like to have†¦show more content†¦The founder initially thought of a way college students would connect with each other informally. Slowly, it gained prominence on the rest of the people beyond college. It is currently open to anyone. Overtime, Facebook has grown to host other functionalities such as a platform where people can play games, send virtual gifts to one another, share photos and join groups. All this can be considered as promoting the social agenda. In this regards, people are able to strengthen social bonds between one another. Billions of people around the globe make use of Facebook to make connections and share information. On a personal level, Facebook allows its users to pass communication to friends and family members and receive the same from them. It is therefore an exchange platform. On a professional level, Facebook can be used to broaden one’s knowledge in a particular field and building their professional network though this is rather on a secondary level. Beyond the general subscription into becoming a member, members are allowed to form small subgroups with particular people who they share common interests. These can be business interests, education, sports or home groups where to qualify for the group, one simply needs to root from the particular location. On a non-personal level, businesses too are able to elevate their brands by communicating their product offering and actually communicate in real time

Constitutional Conventions free essay sample

Constitutional conventions are no longer capable of constraining those who hold public office; they should be converted into legal rules. ’ Discuss. One might define the constitution of a country as a set of regulations that a government is expected to derive its principle rules from, thus regulating the relationship between the state and its citizens. Under the UK constitution these rules, although being non-legal rules, are considered binding and are embodied by way of constitutional conventions.These conventions are intended to police the powers of government ministers, their policies and not only their own actions but those of their staff and institutions. They are more often than not held accountable to the convention identified as ministerial responsibility. A. V. Dicey defines constitutional conventions as: â€Å"understandings, habits or practices which, though they may regulate the conduct of the several members of the sovereign power, of the Ministry, or of other officials, are not in reality laws at all since they are not enforced by the courts. [1] The question arises of the true value of these conventions considering that they are uncodified and are therefore unenforceable in a court of law. The subsequent arguments endeavour to address concerns over the control of an abuse of power within the government and the nature in which such indistinguishable regulations are understood, or not, by those to which they apply. Unlike the majority of the world’s governments, the UK has an uncodified constitution; it cannot be found in any written document.One such opinion is that of Thomas Paine who stated that the English Parliament â€Å"is merely a form of government without a constitution, and constituting itself what power it pleases†. [2] Although it can be seen in many countries that the exercise of conventional practices exist hand-in-hand with codified constitutions. The different constitutional conventions of the UK constitution comprise its ideology and although they may be recognised as habitual practices and cannot be lawfully enforced, they obtain an obligatory force of tradition.It is this compliance, â€Å"a generally accepted political practice, usually with a record of successful applications or precedents†,[3] that limits any prerogative powers disturbing political or legal activities. It would be very unlikely for a person not to consider themselves bound by a convention However, constitutional laws in the UK are neither entrenched nor supreme, as the basis of the UK constitution is a doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty, thus allowing any government in power with its overwhelming majority to effectively alter the constitution by repealing any past statutes and implementing new legislation. The doctrine was described as ‘the very keystone of the constitution’[4] by A. V. Dicey. It is generally recognised that these conventions are vital to ensuring that those responsible for the administration of the country will conduct themselves in an appropriate manner without taking advantage of the flexibility of a convention to suit their own political aims and that they adhere to practiced political conduct. In the words of Sir Ivor Jennings, they ‘provide the flesh which clothes the dry bones of the law’. [5]Some might argue that with the UK’s doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty, Parliament possesses an incomparable measure of power. This is in some way unconstitutional. However there are numerous restraints present in conventions that Parliament is forced to observe. â€Å"The practical operation of the government of the United Kingdom rests in the hands of elected ministers and their officials, acting under a mixture of law and a residue of the royal prerogative. †[6] The UK constitution is in no doubt a unitary one, with power ultim ately residing with the central government. Yet these powers are fused between separate branches of the government, with each one acting as a check on the other thus ensuring full political and constitutional accountability. The doctrine of the separation of powers according to Montesquieu is to â€Å"avoid the risk of too much power being accumulated in one person or institution†[7] The idea is to keep the judiciary, the legislature and the executive altogether separate from one another to prevent an overlap and ultimately an extension of their respective powers.One such example of this is that the judiciary abstain from divulging in political activities whatsoever and under Schedule 1 of the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 are subsequently forbidden from holding office as a Member of the House of Commons. Lord Mustill stated that â€Å"It is a feature of the peculiarly British conception of the separation of powers that Parliament, the Executive and the Courts have each their distinct and largely exclusive domain. Parliament has a largely unchallengeable right to make whatever laws it thinks right.The Executive carries on the administration of the country in accordance with the powers conferred on it by law. The Courts interpret the laws and see that they are obeyed. †[8] Within the various institutions of the government, rules set in place by the prime minister can be found to ensure the constitutional conformity of the cabinet’s ministers within each area of the government. For example the Ministerial Code of Conduct outlines the responsibility of Members of Parliament to â€Å"maintain the high standards the British people have a right to expect†[9] of them.The Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 also sought to prevent an abuse of power by the Lords in legislature and shifted the base of power to the House of Commons thus establishing a direct line of accountability to the electorate. The general constitutional philosophy as influenced by A. V Dicey suggests that British citizens are â€Å"without benefit of positive and fundamental constitutional rights giving legal protection to the individual against the public authorities of the state†. 10] It can be argued that this is a fairly accurate outlook of the modern const itution as there is no â€Å"fundamental† constitutional law that takes precedence over legislation. However, this rigid theory does not allocate for the present principles of democracy, for example the freedoms of the individual established by the Human Rights Act 1998. When doubts or disputes arise over particular political policies there are a number of committees in place that Ministers are obligated to consult.Such proposals are debated within these committees, opposing points of view are argued and therefore a safeguard from an abuse of prerogative powers is brought about. There is also a convention introduced under the Bill of Rights Act 1689 that initiated further checks on the government which requires Parliament to convene ‘frequently’. This was determined under the Meeting of Parliament Act 1694 which stated that they ought to do so at least once every three years. There are many arguments for conventional rules to be codified to ensure certainty in order that they may be easily interpreted thus reducing potential political conflict.If they were to be made law they would also entail legal consequences for those not following them. On the other hand lays the considerable trouble of determining which conventions to codify as th ey are a substantial number of them in practice and should they become law an unavoidable overlap of the separation of powers would arise whereby the judiciary would find themselves interpreting political matters and inadvertently bringing about constitutional change. Constitutional conventions are altogether separate from regular legislation. They are formed and fashioned by politicians using alternative means to common law or legislation.A practice which is traditionally honoured by those that it impinges upon and rely on its enforcement on political rather than legal sanctions. These opposing approaches are summed up by Lord Halisham’s comparison between the conventions of the UK constitution with those of the codified American constitution: â€Å"It is the acceptance of convention, which seems to make the British a nation of cricketers, and the Americans a nation of litigants. †[11] He goes on to discuss the limitations of the power of the UK government as a result of these conventions in his ‘Elective Dictatorship’ report: â€Å"The limitations on it, are only political and moral.They are found in the consciences of members, in the necessity for periodical elections, and in the so called checks and balances†¦ †[12] He concludes that the UK is under an elective dictatorship in which Parliament is controlled by the government by way of ministers seeking re-election and that a ‘whip’ convention has come about whereby members are influenced through fear of removal from office. Another commonly regarded political practice of Ministers is that should they oppose certain policies, by convention they are obliged to resign their office. For example; the Defence Secretary, Michael Heseltine, resigned during the Westland Affair 1986. It is widely recognised that because constitutional conventions are unenforceable through a court of law, the government may alter or ignore specific conventions as and when they see fit. One significant case is that of Madzimbamuto v Lardner-Burke[13] when the doctrine of collective responsibility was overlooked as the Privy Council dismissed arguments that the Southern Rhodesia Act 1965 was not applicable as it conflicted with the convention.Lord Reid stated that â€Å"It is often said that it would be unconstitutional for United Kingdom Parliament to do such things†¦But that does not mean it is beyond the power of Parliament to do such things. If Parliament chose to do any of them the Courts could not hold the Act of Parliament invalid. †[14] Such an example strongly indicates that conventions do not hold any restraints over the powers of the executive. However, these views can be compared with the case of Attorney General v Jonathon Cape Ltd. [15] Richard Crossman, a Cabinet Minister wrote his political memoirs and upon his death they were to be published.As a result of the nature of political insinuations described within them, the Cabinet via the Attorney-General applied for an injunction to prevent them from becoming available to the public. It was held that they would not be published bas the doctrine of collective responsibility would be harmed upon their release and that the convention should be protected. Therefore, if there is more than one statutory interpretation, the one that conforms to the convention is preferred. However the House of Lords have stressed on occasion that such an interpretation does not necessarily have to be applied.This contention of the Attorney-General in Attorney General v Jonathon Cape Ltd is supported by the views of Lord Salmon in Reg v Lewes Justices: â€Å"When it is in the public interest that confidentiality shall be safeguarded, then the party from whom the confidential document or the confidential information being sought may lawfully refuse it. In such a case the Crown may also intervene to prevent production or disclosure of that which in the public interest ought to be protected. †[16] It may be seen that it is important in some situations to have such flexibility although it could also be argued that this is both unreliable and erratic.This case does however represent that conventions are both recognised and upheld and therefore enforces the argument that constitutional conventions do indeed protect against misuse of executive power. Contrary to this perception are the statements of Professor Jowell, QC: Ministerial executive powers do not require, either by law or convention parliamentary approval before or after they are used. Parliament does not even have to be told that they have been exercised. Indeed, Ministers have said that no record is kept of their use and that it would not be practicable to do so. †[17]The demise of the Royal prerogative powers to the ascendency of Parliamentary sovereignty have undoubtedly contributed to an increased requirement for ministerial accountability. Although the Queen has the fundamental power to dissolve Parliament and its ministers, for the most part it is Parliament who exercises the utmost power. â€Å"The Sovereign is he who decides the exception, and the veracity of a political and legal system can only be assessed with regard to who makes this decision, and how effective it is. Political authority, ultimately, lies with those who can enforce legal decisions. [18] Upon weighing up the opinions and arguments presented it is apparent that there is evidence to support both sides as to whether or not constitutional conventions are capable of constraining those who hold public office. One of the most valid implications is that the true nature of the problem presented in Parliament being able to constrain its Ministers from an abuse of lies in the ‘hazy nature of the British Constitution’. Obvious reasons exist for the comprisal with conventions although there are substantial grounds for the introduction of codified conventions.The conventions appear to be met with much perplexity and suppositions on the obligations, rather than enforceable laws, they impose on the executive such as A. V Dicey’s interpretations mentioned earlier. However we can certainly appraise their flexibility in allowing the constitution to adapt to an ever-changing society without much difficulty. Of course this has its drawbacks in allowing Ministers an excessive amount of freedom to change the rules to allocate their own political agenda as demonstrated in Attorney General v Jonathon Cape Ltd.

Yellow Wallpaper A descriptive descent into madnes Essay Example For Students

Yellow Wallpaper A descriptive descent into madnes Essay sThe Yellow Wallpaper- A Descriptive Descent Into Madness in the Nineteenth CenturyWomen in literature have often been portrayed as submissive to men. Literature of the nineteenth century often characterized women as oppressed by society, as well as by the male influences in their lives (Dock 52). Charlotte Perkins Gilmans short story The Yellow Wallpaper presents a descriptive journalistic/clinical account of a womans gradual descent into madness at the hands of her domineering husband (Bak 39). Gilman once wrote, Womens subordination will only end when women lead the struggle for their own autonomy, thereby freeing man as well as themselves, because man suffers from the distortions that come from dominance, just as women are scarred by the subjugation imposed upon them (qdt. in Gardarowski 2). The Yellow Wallpaper brilliantly illustrates this philosophy. The narrators declining mental health is reflected through the characteristics of the house she is trapped in and her husband, while trying to protect her, is actually destroying her. We will write a custom essay on Yellow Wallpaper A descriptive descent into madnes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The narrator of the story goes with her doctor/husband to stay in a colonial mansion for the summer. The house is supposed to be a place where she can recover from severe postpartum depression. She loves her baby, but because of her depression she is not able to take care of him. It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear boy! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous (Gilman, The Yellow 107). From the outset, the reader is given a sense of the domineering tendencies from the narrators husband, John (Dock 61). The narrator tells the reader: John is a physician, and perhaps (I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind) perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster (Gilman, The Yellow 105). It is painfully obvious that she feels trapped and unable to express her fears to her husband:You see, he does not believe I am sick. And what can one do?If a physician of high standing and ones own husband ass urefriends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical tendency what is one to do? (105)Her husband is not the only male figure who dominates and oppresses her. Her brother, also a doctor, says the same thing about her illness (105). Since the story is written in diary format, the reader feels especially close to the narrator (Dock 53). Gilman uses her dramatic pictorial to connect the reader to the narrators innermost thoughts. The dominance of the narrators husband, and her reaction to it, is reflected throughout the story. The narrator is continually submissive, bowing to her husbands wishes, even though she is unhappy and depressed. Her husband has adopted the idea that she must have complete rest if she is to recover. This is a direct parallel to Gilmans life. Charlotte Gilman was prescribed this exact therapy by a neurologist named S. Weir Mitchell. By Gilman mentioning Mitchell by name in her short story, she is showing her disgust in his malpractice (Gilman, Why I Wrote 1). She was instructed to live a domestic life, told to only engage in intellectual activities two hours a day, and never to touch a pen, brush, or pencil again as long as she lived (1). In the story, the narrators husband, John, does not want her to work. So I . . . am absolutely forbidden to work until I am well again (Gilman, The Yellow 105). Then narrator of the story knows that writing and socializing would help her recover faster. But because she allows the male figures in her life to dominate and control her treatment, she does not: I sometimes fancy that in my condition, if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes meIt is also a direct allusion to Gilmans personal experience that the narrator is experiencing severe postpartum depression. Gilman suffered from the same malady after the birth of her own daughter (Pringle 132). The symbolism utilized by Gilman is somewhat askew from the conventional. A house usually symbolizes security. In the story the opposite is true. The protagonist, whose name we never truly learn, feels trapped by the walls of the house; just as she is trapped by her mental illness (Gilman, Why I Wrote 1). The windows of her room, which normally would symbolize a sense of freedom, are barred, holding her in (Bak 40). .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 , .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .postImageUrl , .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 , .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:hover , .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:visited , .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:active { border:0!important; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:active , .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981 .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc48e60c1eb9010d879b1becfdb832981:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WW II EssayIt is interesting that the room the husband chooses for the narrator, the room she hates, is a nursery (Coffey). The narrator describes the nursery as being atrocious (Gilman, The Yellow 106). The narrators response to the room is a further example of her submissive behavior: I dont like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened onto the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old fashioned chintz hangings! But John would not hear of it. (106)It is clear that the narrators husband loves her very much. He is tender with her and speaks to her in a loving, sometimes child-like manner. However, he obviously does not want anyone knowing t he extent of his wifes mental illness, referring to it as a temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical tendency (105). This is also a reflection of the way women and mental illnesses were perceived in the nineteenth century (Kasmer 7). Women were supposed to let the men take care of them, and mental illness was often swept under the carpet. The husband, John, did not want the stigma of mental illness tied to his family (Coffey). He says that no one but myself can help me out of it, that I must use my will and self-control and not let any silly fancies run away with me (Gilman, The Yellow 110). In reading the story, the readers must remind themselves that society today treats mental illness differently and that the story was written from a nineteenth century perspective. The narrator continues to repress her own needs and allow her husband to dominate. Seeing the wallpaper in the bedroom, she writes: I never saw a worse paper in my life one of those sprawling, flamboyant patter ns committing every artistic sin (106). It is also interesting to note that the bed in the room is a great immovable bed which is nailed down (109). This quite possibly is a metaphoric reference to her husbands attitude about her illness. As the narrator looks out a window, she can see a garden. She describes flowers, paths, and arbors. All that she sees outside is beautiful. Just as Gilman uses the room as a metaphor for her mental illness, she uses the beautiful garden as a metaphor for the mental health the woman craves. The more time the narrator spends in the room, the more obsessed with the wallpaper she becomes. In her mind, the wallpaper becomes more than just wallpaper. It takes on human characteristics. This paper looks to me as if it knew what a vicious influence it had (107)!When the story begins, the narrator refers to the house as haunted. This theme is again brought to the forefront when she begins to describe the wallpaper. There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down (107). Gilmans sensory descriptions are intense and detailed. They make the reader a part of the story, increase suspense, and help the readers perception of the particular kind of insanity that afflicts the narrator (Cunningham par. 1). The story not only provides detailed visual images, but vivid olfactory descriptions as well. Such descriptions are:But there is something else about the paper- the smell! I noticedit the moment we came into the room, . . . It gets into my hair. . . . most enduring odor I ever met. . . . The only thing I can think of that it is like is the color of the paper! A yellow smell. (qdt. in The combination of Gilmans words, and the short choppy sentence structure, combine to allow the reader to grasp the depths of the narrators insanity. In addition to the sense of smell, the reader is also captured by the sense of touch. The narrator tells us: The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, Just as if she wanted to get out. I got up softly and went to feel and see if the paper did move and when I came back John was awake (Gilman 110). She further tells us: The front pattern does move and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it! (113). It is through these compelling descriptions, utilizing the readers senses, that Gilman is pulling the reader into the narrators world . . . these descriptions nearly perfectly encapsulate what we might all imagine it is like to be insane (Cunningham par. 5). It is as if t he haunting images of the wallpaper mirror the haunting feelings inside the narrators mind. The heroine, unable to openly express her feelings to anyone, begins to see herself through the wallpaper. She imagines a woman trapped behind the wallpaper, just as she is trapped in the room and in her mind (Coffey). The wallpaper, and the barrier it poses to the woman behind it, as imagined by the narrator, mirror the narrators own thoughts about being confined in a room with barred windows. At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern, I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be (Gilman, The Yellow 111). The heroine is also behind bars. I am getting angry . . . but the bars are too strong . . . (115). The behavior of the woman behind the wallpaper mirrors the narrators behavior. By daylight she is subdued, quiet. I fancy it is the pattern that keeps her so still. It is so puzzling. It keeps me quiet by the hour (111). The narrator is also subdued in the daytime. I dont sleep much at night, for it is so interesting to watch developments; but I sleep a good deal during the daytime (112). Another parallel between the actions of the narrator and the woman behind the wallpaper is reflected when the narrator looks out the window and sees her in that long shaded lane, creeping up and down.. . . creeping around the garden.. . . I see her on that long road under the trees, creeping along, and when a carriage comes she hides . . . . I dont blame her a bit. It must be very humiliating to be caught creeping by daylight (113)! The narrator is expressing her own humiliation in having to sneak around. I always lock the door when I creep by daylight. I cant do it at night, for I know John would suspect something at once (113). Similarly, while her husband is away, the narrator sometimes will walk a little in the garden or down the lovely lane, sit on the porch under the roses, . . . (109). As the narrator realizes the meaning of the wallpaper, her life begins to change. Lif e is much more exciting now than it used to be. You see, I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was (112). It is apparent that she is still feeling imprisoned by her husband. I suppose I shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and that is hard (115)! However, she has decided to rebel and break free. Ive got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane. And Ive pulled off most of the paper so you cant put me back (115)! Because the story is somewhat autobiographical, Gilman is able to vividly portray a womans descent into madness. She wrote the story to effect change in the treatment of depressive women (Gilman, Why I wrote 2). She once stated It was not intended to drive people crazy, but to save people for being driven crazy (2). The story brilliantly depicts a woman in the nineteenth century whose opinions and feelings have never been acknowledged or recognized as valid in the real wor ld her voice. The narrator of the story realizes that the woman in the wallpaper is herself, and she is finally able to break free. Perhaps it can all be summed up in this exchange: John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wallpaper. I turned it off with a laugh. I had not intention of telling him it was because of the wallpaper . . . (Gilman, The Yellow 112). .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 , .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .postImageUrl , .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 , .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:hover , .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:visited , .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:active { border:0!important; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:active , .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385 .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u435812c00d290598bf9c1c25710cc385:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scholasticism in Religious Architecture EssayBak, John S. Escaping the Jaundiced Eye: Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. Studies in Short Fiction 31. 1 (Winter 1994):Coffey, Sandra. Class Lecture. English 102. Vincennes University: Fort Benning, GA. Cunningham, Iain and Holmes, Douglass. Sensory Descriptions in The Yellow Wallpaper. (1977): 6 pars. 23 Aug. 2000. *http://www.english.ucla.edu/individuals/mcgraw/wallpaper/senses.htm*Dock, Julie Bates. But One Expects That: Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and the Shifting Light of Scholarship. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 111. 1 (Jan. 1996): 52-65. Gadarowski, Brenda A. The Yellow Wallpaper: How We Perceive the Husband. 2 pp. 23 Aug. 2000. *http://webster.commnet.edu/HP/pages/ connect/brenda.htm* Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. Literature and the Writing Process. Eds. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X. Day, and Robert Funk. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1996. 105-115. -. Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper. The Forerunner (Oct. 1913): 2 pp. 19 Aug. 2000. *http://www.media.mit.edu/people/davet/yp/whyiwrote.html*Kasmer, Lisa. Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper: A Symptomatic Reading. Literature and Psychology 36. 3 (1990): 1-15. Bibliography:

Treaty of Ghent essays

Treaty of Ghent essays The treaty of Ghent put on end to the war of 1812.The war was over conflict between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. They fought over the maritime rights of neutrals and it ended inconclusively. The treaty was a long going process that finally was completed on Christmas Eve. There were many agrees and disagrees that were put forth to make peace. There were a total of 11 articles that made up the treaty. The treaty is one of the most remembered treaties in all of history. It changed the world with a big impact. The Treaty Of Ghent that was signed in December 1814 that ended a war, which by now both sides was silently admitting, should never have started. The treaty though proved to be a great act of statesmanship. After the signing Adams remarked to one of the English delegates "I hope this will be the last treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States" And it was. The very fact that both sides withdrew to their prewar positions, that neither could describe the war as a success or a defeat, and that the terms could not be presented, then or later, as a triumph or a robbery - all worked for permanency and helped to erase from the national memory of both countries a struggle which had been bitter enough at the time. The absence of any recrimination too meant that the treaty could serve as a basis on which to build a friendly, common sense relationship between two English-speaking peoples. The statement that the war of 1812 was born purely out of a "Pointless aggression" is true - to an extent. In the build up to the1812 war Britain seemed to provoke the United States through every means possible exploiting there own position. The United States did try to avoid a war with Britain but they saw how a war could fulfill there own ambitions and so used the war to pursue there own objectives which were increasing the size of the United States whilst reinforcing the economy through trade. The fact was th...

Acid Rain Essays (868 words) - Environmental Chemistry, Free Essays

Acid Rain Essays (868 words) - Environmental Chemistry, Free Essays Acid Rain Acid Rain The damaging effects of acid rain on society is becoming overwhelmed with great amounts of pollution from cars, factories and an large amounts of garbage. The immense amounts of sulphur dioxide put into the air causes high levels of acid in the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, then rain can be harmful to the environment. Acid rain is destroying lots of things in our environment. It is hurting lakes, air and thew rest of our ecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of animals in these lakes. Acid rain greatly lowers the amounts of pH in the water. Each decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid levels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number of fish living in these lakes. Also the high amounts of acid in the water can lead to fish being deformed. They have messed up and out of shape backbones, flattened heads and strangely curved tails. When there gets to be a lot of acid in the water, then there is barely anything left besides rock bass, pumpkinseed and lake herring. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also discharged into the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes as there is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated in the blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in natural lakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acid rain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, which diffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing the pH levels to drop from the normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in some acidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levels form a photochemical smog in the atmosphere. In the air Anitrogen oxides react with ozone and some hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to form photochemical smog, the kind of yellow-grey haze which it literally alive and growing in stagnant air [emailprotected] (Howard protected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 32). Disruption in the life span of trees and plants is also another effect of acid rain. The acid rain corrodes the thin, waxy layer, which coats and protects the leaves letting the acid suffocate the leaves. This can cause an interference in the plants metabolism and photosynthesis may be altered meaning the leaves cannot produce and efficient amount of food which may result in death of the plant. Acid may obtrude fertilization , stunt or kill the growth of seeds and make them sterile. A second generation would be

Social Support Group for People with Diabetes Research Paper

Social Support Group for People with Diabetes - Research Paper Example The role of social support in the health care profession is well accepted and has been shown to provide a certain degree of assistance in terms of alleviation of a number of illnesses and diseases (Sieloff, Frey, & King, 2007). However, there are also still a number of pathological fields that have yet to explore the efficacy of social support in terms of alleviations of symptoms and general recovery. Along these lines, this paper explores the hypothesis, â€Å"A social support group for people with diabetes will increase their medication compliance,† within the boundaries of relevant concepts, particularly social support. A total of eight articles are reviewed in this paper, offering insights on the population and sample, background literature, and significance of earlier studies made in support of the mid-range theory of social support. Some of these articles cover the theory of social support and its perceived effects on people with diabetes, while others focus on a more ge neral application of the theory on other diseases and medical conditions. The conceptual definitions of social support in nursing researches are largely the same, varying only in terms of the degree of intimacy that researchers agree upon. Operational definitions of social support, however, differ depending on the focus and the extent of the study. Different populations were used in the studies investigating the effects of the existence of a social support group. Since the particular hypothesis herein focuses on people with diabetes, the population utilized for a majority of the researches included in this review involves diabetic patients Social support: Review of Related Literature In a study by Patterson and Brewer (2009), social support was defined as â€Å"the informational, instrumental / practical, emotional, and affirmational resources that people can receive from others† (p. 178). Operationally, social support was measured in terms of the amount of â€Å"information , aid, strategy, or resource that helps the parent to cope with the stressors and challenges associated with parenting an adolescent with diabetes† (p. 179). In this study, the population considered were parents of children with diabetes and the sample consisted of nine parents (six mothers and 3 fathers) of children with Type 1 diabetes. The study explicitly mentions reference to theories of support (p. 179) and it supports the existing theory by showing that parents are necessary social support for adolescents with diabetes. In the second study reviewed, Goz, et al (2005) defined social support as â€Å"the assistance and protection given to others, especially to individuals.† Presence of social support was measured in terms of the presence of family, including parents, spouse, offspring, siblings and grandparents; friends; and, a significant other, in the form of boy/girlfriend, relative, neighbor, and doctor using a pre-piloted survey questionnaire delivered to the participants (Goz, et al, 2005). The population for the study consisted of patients with Type 2 diabetes while sample group consisted of â€Å"66 type 2 diabetes patients being followed up in the Diabetes Polyclinic of Kocaeli State Hospital in the Marmara

National Park Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

National Park - Assignment Example To that effect, the paper will discuss the geologic details of the location of the Great Basin. Pizarro (115) shares the evidence that the Great Basin National Park is the only national park in the entire state of Nevada and does not charge entrance fees. However, the tours in the caves can cost up to $10 for every individual. The Great Basin National Park also includes the Mojave Desert together with the Death Valley. The Great Basin National Park is often accessed via the Nevada State Route 488 that is connected to the U.S Routes 6 as well as 50. The park gets its name from dry along with mountainous region between the Wasatch Mountains and Sierra Nevada. The park covers a total of 31,230 hectares (Baker 14) Topography is the first indicator of geology (Decelles 106). The Great Basin National Park has been inhabited by humans for a very long time. The Great Basin is among the most geologically young and tectonically active areas in North America. The generally rugged and mountainous landscape of this region provides evidence continuing mountain-building. The interplay between tectonics and topography is shown in the evolution of the Great Basin (Jones, Farmer, and Unruh, 1409). Oligocene-ash flow tuffs erupted from the calderas and flowed westward and form what is now the Great Basin (Faulds, Henry, Hinz, 505-6). Most of the rocks at the Great Basin were formed during the Cambrian, when the area was situated at the edge of the continental landmass known as the Laurentia. Collette, Gass, and Hagadorn (442) argue that the Cambrian is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era. It lasted from 540 to about 485 million years. The period is associated with a high amount of lagerstatte sedimentary deposits. The rocks at Great Basin National Park include the Cambrian strata. As the Paleozoic era progressed, various

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example for Free

The Taming of the Shrew Essay William Shakespeare’s play, The Taming of the Shrew, is a controversial play that introduces a battle between a man and woman. The woman, whom is strong-willed, must show submission to her husband. As this play has been read by many people, there has been a wide range of different reactions about the play. Whether people agree with the morals of this play or disagree, it is based upon ones beliefs of what role women play in society. Petruccio, the man who is trying to tame Katherine, tries to â€Å"teach [her] that she must obey him [and he] acts the part of ‘shrew tamer’† (159). Katherine is quite reluctant to Petruccio trying to tame her, and she has the right to the anger she feels toward him. Katherine is a very strong woman who feels the need for independence in her life. Petruccio, however, would like to hold power over her so that he may tame her. Throughout the play the audience is guided along Katherine’s journey of complete submission to Petruccio, whom eventually becomes her husband. The end of the play marks the most important and significant part of the play. Katherine shows her submission to her husband, Petruccio. In Katherine’s speech at the end of the play she admits: â€Å"Such duty as the subject owes the prince, Even such a woman oweth to her husband, And when she is forward, peevish, sullen, sour, And not obedient to his honest will, What is she but a foul contending rebel, And graceless traitor to her loving lord?† (Lines 159-164) This part of her speech signifies that women are supposed to treat their husband as a servant would treat their royal prince. This is putting men in a higher reign of power and acknowledging them as rulers of their women. This is not agreeable by any means because women should have the right to equality in a marriage. In a sermon, titled ‘Of Domesticall Duties: Eight Treatises’ by William Gouge, it is noted that wives are to be â€Å"in subjection to obey [their] own husbands† (1). It is also said that if the â€Å"wives be stubborn, froward, and malapert, their husbands are compelled thereby to abhor and flee form their own houses even as they should have battle with their enemies† (1). This quotation is immoral because when a man and women are married, the man should not be allowed to flee at his own discretion. In those times, however, this unfortunately was permitted. After studying the play further and reading through relatable sermons, it is evident that womanly independence was highly discouraged. A woman having a man in her life, who gives her some direction, is not terrible. The ways that a man holds power over a woman and essentially becomes the boss of her however, is not right. There is a fine line between being a woman’s husband, and being a woman’s boss. A woman should be entitled to her own independence and sovereignty. Looking at the period where this play originated, it is common to discourage women from having equality to men. However, it still doesn’t make their views correct. It is encouraging to see our time period evolve since then, as it is less common to have a man trying to tame his wife. It is heartbreaking to see that some people still live by those same morals in our society. I believe that we as a generation have done a better job of trying to disregard the same views that were held during Shakespearea n times.

Argument-based Homicide In Ame :: essays research papers fc

Argument-based Homicide in America Feeling alienated by fellow classmates, two students at Columbine High School in Littleton, CO who referred to themselves as the Trench Coat Mafia went on a rampant killing spree which took the lives of themselves, twelve other students and one teacher (Obmascik 1). This incident caused an immediate plea for more socially responsible communities, assuming that greater moral values would curb the likelihood of these argument-related homicides. This relies on the notion that greater social organization will lead to a decrease in the rate of crime. Dov Cohen, in her article "Culture, Social Organization, and Patterns of Violence" shows that in the West (which includes Colorado) and South, where a culture of honor persists, there is a higher rate of argument-related homicide that in other areas of the country (the North). More specifically, in the South and West, more organized societies have a higher rate of argument-related homicides than less stable ones. Argument-related homicides are far more prevalent in the South and West than they are in the North (Cohen 412). This is not merely supported by the number of argument-related homicides in the given regions, but also by the beliefs within the cultures. Southerners and Westerners support honor-related violence more than Northerners and also react more aggressively when insulted (Cohen 408). In addition, laws in the South and West are more likely to support those who use violence consistent with honor (Cohen 409). For these reasons, it is hardly surprising that argument-related homicide is more common in these regional locations. The more stable communities within these regions are more likely to be on the extreme sides. The morals ingrained in the more stable Northern communities do not find this behavior acceptable and argument-based homicide is therefore more common in less stable communities. The opposite is true in the South and West. The stronger communities condone these actions and they become more common than in those places that are morally more blasà ©. Nevertheless, the most striking difference is the regional difference between the communities of the South and West and the communities of the North. The correlation between the homicides in more stable and less stable communities for the given regions is striking. In the North, the homicide rate per 100,000 for white males ages 15-39 is 4.7 in a stable community and 6.7 in an unstable community (Cohen 412). In the South and West, however, the numbers are much higher.

How to Communicate with Stakeholders Essay

Discuss each image crisis for Barclays. – Image crisis no. 1: ‘A world needs a big bank’ campaign vs. closing 170 branches in the UK. In 2000 Barclays launched a ‘Big’ campaign with the slogan: ‘a big world needs a big bank’. Barclays wanted to be seen as an ‘big’ bank by its important stakeholder groups. The adverts were slick and had received good pre-publicity, but it turned into a communication disaster. Because Barclays was spreading the word that is was a big bank, while closing 170 branches in the UK. Barclays started to lose more reputation when it was revealed that the new Chief Executive had been paid  £1.3 million for just 3 months’ work. The situation was further aggravated by the arrogance with which Barclays announced and justified the decision of closing all the branches in the rural areas. – Image crisis no. 2: ‘‘Children; do not pile up debts on your credit cards.’’ A nother image crisis occurred in 2003 when the CEO of Barclays, Matthew Barret, said that he did not borrow on credit cards because they were too expensive and that he has advised his four children not to pile up debts on their credit cards. Since Barclays is the biggest credit card company of the UK, the CEO stunned his customers with what appeared to be a similar vote of no confidence in his own product. – Image crisis no. 3: ‘‘Excessive risk taking’’ In 2008, at the height of the global financial crisis, a third image occurred. Many banks turned to the government for cash injections. Barclays, however, raised billions from investors in Qatar and Abu Dhabi. The reason for this was that it would allow the bank to retain ‘complete control’ over running their business, like paying the bonuses to its top executives and investment bankers. Although some financial analysts thought it was a good move, Barclays was heavily criticised in the med ia for its excessive risk taking and for the remuneration packages given to its top executives and investment bankers. 2. What was the exact cause or event that led to each of these crises? Barclays did not succeed in integrated communication. The bank did not coordinate and align all communications so that the organisation speaks consistently across different audiences and media. For example: the corporate identity did not match with the things Matthew Barret told the public. Besides that, Barclays has the following value stated on their website: ‘‘Build trust with the colleagues and partners we work with’’, this value is in contrast with closing 170 branches without any dialogue with their stakeholder. Besides that the company did not show regret for closing all those branches, instead they played a very defensive role. By showing such an arrogant attitude and lack of remorse Barclays created anger within the public. The timing of the campaign was very unfortunate. If the campaign and the announcement of the closing of the branches did not happen at or around the same time, the campaign could have been very successful. Since it received very good pre-publicity. Matthew Barret did not realise that the media is a big stakeholder of the organisation. Anything that a corporate executive says in public can be held against him and can have a huge impact on the reputation of the company. The decision not to ask the government for cash injections became an image crisis because not only did they take an excessive risk, they wanted to continue with the enormous bonuses. The public probably felt Barclays had the best interest for their shareholders, not for their stakeholders. 3. What could Barclays have done to avoid these crises, or to anticipate the potential fallout? Barclays clearly did not manage very well with their communication under crisis. Because crises have the potential to Barclays Bank: how (not) to communicate with stakeholders damage an organisation’s reputation it is important that organisations anticipate and plan for probable crisis scenarios and prepare crisis communication plans. Instead of getting in the defensive mode as Barclays did with image crisis no. 1, they should have started an acceptance strategy. A tactic of apologising for the crisis and accepting the blame. Instead of being arrogant, they could have said that they are sorry for closing 170 branches and give an explanation. Barclays also should have started a dialogue. They should have announced what they were going to do and why and then let the public react on their announcement. And to create less anger within the public they could have announced some form of compensation or help to the employees who were going to be harmed by the closing of the branches. The CEO of Barclays should have had a media training. In media trainings is thought how to work with journalists by creating simulations. If he would have known how to behave and what to say around media, the second crisis would not have happened. A third image crisis would have happened anyway, because if they had chosen to get a cash injection of the government the public would also have been angry. Because they pay such excessive bonuses, it is not fair to ask they government and thus the taxpayers for an cash injection because they are short on money. They could have limited the image crisis by explaining the public the positive aspects of the fact they chose investors for money and not the government. Overall, Barclays should have an more ope n attitude to the public with room for dialogue. And not such an arrogant attitude.

Display screen Essay

A monitor can be considered as a window into the computer’s memory. It allows data entry to be checked by echoing input characters on the screen. The disadvantage of monitors is that data on the screen is temporary (called softcopy) and they can hold only limited amount of data. Quality Factor – Resolution Resolution defines sharpness and clarity of an image and is specified as the number of dots per character. Modern packages are using a lot of graphics and therefore require high-resolution monitors. Display Adaptors Adaptors are cards installed in motherboard to control a monitor. The following specifications were evolving over the years:   Hercules – mono   Colour Graphics Adaptor (CGA) – low quality   Enhanced Graphics Adaptor (EGA) – medium quality   Video Graphics Array (VGA and Super VGA) – high quality   Extended Graphics Array (XGA) – successor of SVGA, has the power to handle the video and animation requirements of the modern multimedia packages and games Bit Mapping Technique For monochrome displays, only one bit of memory is required for each pixel. If it is set to 1, the pixel is illuminated. If the corresponding memory location contains 0, the pixel is left dark. A binary representation in RAM The equivalent screen representation Figure 1. Bitmapped representation of letter T coding in RAM and corresponding image on screen For colour monitors, more than one bit is required to keep information about a pixel because apart from illuminated or not setting, colour specification is also required. Monitors that are capable of displaying 16 colours only would require 4 bits of memory per pixel (16 = 24). Figure out how many bits of memory per pixel are required to give a choice of 512 colours? Thus the required size of visual memory depends on the number of pixels on the screen (resolution factor) and on the number of colours available. If you are buying a modern monitor which is bigger than 14†³, it is desirable to have at least 2 M of memory on the video card. Types of Monitors 1). Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Technology: A beam of electrons lights up pixels/dots on the screen Colour is achieved by combining Red/Green/Blue (RGB) of different intensities. Size: Size is measured diagonally (corner to corner). Today monitors are available in sizes 14†³, 15†³, 17†³, 21†³. But the monitor size doesn’t tell anything about the maximum viewable image size. The bezel in front of every monitor’s CRT diminishes the viewable area by approximately an inch. When deciding on which monitor to buy, think of which resolution you’ll be working in most frequently. The higher the resolution, the bigger the monitor is required. Monitors usually display 25 lines 80 characters each in text mode. Standard Resolutions (in pixels) VGA 640 x 480 SVGA 800 x 600 XGA 1024 x 768 1280 x 1024 1600 x 1200 Some high-end monitors support these high resolutions. Designed for professional level work,1600 x 1280 e. g. computer-aided design or desktop publishing 1800 x 1440 Supported by at least one: ViewSonic P815 Mega An interlaced monitor draws its screen in two passes. First it draws every second line and then fills in the missing lines. Interlacing is noticeable because of flicking screen and can cause headaches. A non-interlaced monitor draws its screen in one pass. Another reason for a flicking screen is the frequency with which the monitor redraws its screen – called refresh rate or vertical scan rate. The bottom line should be 75Hz so that flickering effect doesn’t show up. Ensure that your monitor and graphics card can be synchronised to the same refresh rate. 2). LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) These displays are known as being used in calculators and watches. They have an advantage of being cheap but a disadvantage is that it is very hard to see what they display in the dark. They are used in laptops because they are flat. LCDs come as monochrome or colour. Monochrome LCD images usually appear as dark gray images on a grayish-white background. Color Liquid Crystal Displays use two basic techniques for producing color: passive matrix and active matrix. Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies. It offers good contrast and viewing angle suitable for graphical user interfaces but its colors are not particularly sharp and it has slow reaction times. This is the most popular display used in notebook computers today. It consists of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires. At the intersection of each grid is an LCD element which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light through or blocking it. Active-matrix technology, also called thin film transistor (TFT), produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays at 1/8 the space, but the technology is expensive. For multimedia applications with video images the fast response time of TFT active matrix displays is ideal. For color active matrix provides individual color bits for each displays. An active-matrix display uses from one to four transistors to control each pixel. LCDs do not exaggerate actual viewing areas like regular monitors. For example, a 9. 4†³ LCD provides 9. 4†³ diagonal viewing area. This is the equivalent of an 11†³ CRT. Color LCD Comparison Chart Technology Contrast Ratio Response Viewing Angle Price Passive Matrix 20:1 300 ms Medium Medium Active Matrix 60:1 80 ms High High 3). Gas Plasma Gas-plasma display is a type of flat display screen, called a flat-panel display, used in some portable computers. Images on gas-plasma displays generally appear as orange objects on a black background. Although gas-plasma displays produce very sharp monochrome images, they require much more power than the more common LCD displays. Technology: A grid of conductors are sealed between two flat plates of glass; neon and/or argon gas fills the space between the plates. Comparison Of LCDs and Gas-Plasma Displays: Type Readability Battery Life Cost LCD Lowest Longest Lowest Gas plasma High Shortest.

Free Essays on Education In Brazil

EDUCATION IN BRAZIL SCHOOLS and TEACHERS in BRAZIL Until 1971 4 years of primary schooling (mandatory) 4 years of middle level school 3 years of Normal, Classical or Scientific studies After 1971 Pre-primary, 2-3 years 1st to 8th grade (mandatory) Collegial (High School), 3-4 years Vestibular (College entrance exam preparation) University, 4 to 5 years TEACHERS Most teachers are women Low salaries, minimal wages Frequent strikes SALARIES Elementary Schools: Usually 4-5 Minimum Wages for government schools $1,000 per month at private schools Maternity leave: 4 months Sick leave: as needed Vacation: January, february, July and half of December Universities: High salary: $1,500 per month Average salary; $500-700 per month TWO REALITIES PUBLIC SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS Some of the best teachers (selected Good teachers (the bad ones are fired) by proficiency exam), but also some of the worst in rural or poor areas. 2-3 hours of class per day 5-6 hours of class per day Teachers often absent from school Teachers do not miss school Frequent strikes No strikes Free education to all Costs $50 to 400 per month per student Free meals No free meals Free materials No free materials Students use uniforms Students usually use uniforms Poor curriculum and planning Strong curriculum and planning Bad organization Good organization Very little discipline Strong discipline Students from poor population Students from rich and middle class Poor buildings and installations Usually good installations CURRENT SITUATION Everybody agrees there is a CRISIS in education in Brazil What to do about it? Brizola, Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro, has tried to do something: o Building new, large integrated schools o All day classes, from 8 AM until 5 PM o Schools provide FOOD and Medical Assistance A recent conference of 600 school administrators gave following report: o Of 100 students that start the 1... Free Essays on Education In Brazil Free Essays on Education In Brazil EDUCATION IN BRAZIL SCHOOLS and TEACHERS in BRAZIL Until 1971 4 years of primary schooling (mandatory) 4 years of middle level school 3 years of Normal, Classical or Scientific studies After 1971 Pre-primary, 2-3 years 1st to 8th grade (mandatory) Collegial (High School), 3-4 years Vestibular (College entrance exam preparation) University, 4 to 5 years TEACHERS Most teachers are women Low salaries, minimal wages Frequent strikes SALARIES Elementary Schools: Usually 4-5 Minimum Wages for government schools $1,000 per month at private schools Maternity leave: 4 months Sick leave: as needed Vacation: January, february, July and half of December Universities: High salary: $1,500 per month Average salary; $500-700 per month TWO REALITIES PUBLIC SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS Some of the best teachers (selected Good teachers (the bad ones are fired) by proficiency exam), but also some of the worst in rural or poor areas. 2-3 hours of class per day 5-6 hours of class per day Teachers often absent from school Teachers do not miss school Frequent strikes No strikes Free education to all Costs $50 to 400 per month per student Free meals No free meals Free materials No free materials Students use uniforms Students usually use uniforms Poor curriculum and planning Strong curriculum and planning Bad organization Good organization Very little discipline Strong discipline Students from poor population Students from rich and middle class Poor buildings and installations Usually good installations CURRENT SITUATION Everybody agrees there is a CRISIS in education in Brazil What to do about it? Brizola, Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro, has tried to do something: o Building new, large integrated schools o All day classes, from 8 AM until 5 PM o Schools provide FOOD and Medical Assistance A recent conference of 600 school administrators gave following report: o Of 100 students that start the 1...

Elizabeth Fry

Elizabeth Fry Known for:Â  prison reform, reform of mental asylums, reform of convict ships to Australia Dates: May 21, 1780 - October 12, 1845Occupation: reformerAlso Known as: Elizabeth Gurney Fry About Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry was born in Norwich, England, into a well-off Quaker (Society of Friends) family. Her mother died when Elizabeth was young. The family practiced relaxed Quaker customs, but Elizabeth Fry began to practice a stricter Quakerism. At 17, inspired by the Quaker William Saveny, she put her religious faith into action by teaching poor children and visiting the sick among poor families. She practiced more plain dress, pain speech, and plain living. Marriage In 1800, Elizabeth Gurney married Joseph Fry, who was also a Quaker and, like her father, a banker and merchant. They had eight children between 1801 and 1812. In 1809, Elizabeth Fry began to speak at Quaker meeting and became a Quaker minister. Visit to Newgate In 1813 came a key event in Elizabeth Frys life: she was talked into visiting the womens prison in London, Newgate, where she observed women and their children in horrible conditions. She didnt return to Newgate until 1816, having two more children int aht time, but she began working for reforms, including those that became themes for her: segregation of the sexes, female matrons for female prisoners, education, employment (often kitting and sewing), and religious instruction. Organizing for Reform In 1817, Elizabeth Fry began the Association for the Improvement of Female Prisoners, a group of twelve women who worked for these reforms. She lobbied authorities including Members of Parliament a brother-in-law was elected to Parliament in 1818 and became a supporter of her reforms. As a result, in 1818, she was called to testify before a Royal Commission, the first woman to so testify. Widening Circles of Reform Activism In 1819, with her brother Joseph Gurney, Elizabeth Fry wrote a report on prison reform. In the 1820s, she inspected prison conditions, advocated reforms and established more reform groups, including many with women members. By 1821, a number of womens reform groups came together as the British Ladies Society for Promoting the Reformation of Female Prisoners. In 1822, Elizabeth Fry gave birth to her eleventh child. In 1823, prison reform legislation was finally introduced in Parliament. Elizabeth Fry in the 1830s Elizabeth Fry traveled extensively in western European countries in the 1830s advocating her preferred prison reform measures. By 1827, her influence had diminished. In 1835, Parliament enacted laws creating harsher prison policies instead, including hard labor and solitary confinement. Her last trip was to France in 1843. Elizabeth Fry died in 1845. More Reforms While Elizabeth Fry is known more for her prison reform activities, she was also active in investigating and proposing reforms for mental asylums. For more than 25 years, she visited every convict ship leaving for Australia, and promoted reform of the convict ship system. She worked for nursing standards and established a nursing school which influenced her distant relative, Florence Nightingale. She worked for the education of working women, for better housing for the poor including hostels for the homeless, and she founded soup kitchens. In 1845, after Elizabeth Fry died, two of her daughters published a two-volume memoir of their mother, with selections from her journals (44 handwritten volumes originally) and letters. It was more hagiography than biography. In 1918, Laura Elizabeth Howe Richards, daughter of Julia Ward Howe, published Elizabeth Fry, the Angel of the Prisons. In 2003, Elizabeth Frys image was selected to appear on the English ​five-pound note.

Organizational Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizational Analysis - Essay Example The U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) works on providing education and training to the soldiers, leaders as well as the civilians for development and it also aids the training units. The organization helps in designing, building and integrating a flexible mix of competencies, patterns as well as equipments to strengthen the U.S. Army to act as a force of significant action for America (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, n.d.). TRADOC focuses on ensuring development of adaptive leaders as well as the organization, ascertaining up-gradation of the equipments and providing efficient training to develop the soldiers that is needed for shaping the Army of 2020. TRADOC employs in excess of 25,000 soldiers as well as 11,000 civilians who work each day to complete the task of training the soldiers as well as the civilians (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, n.d.). The Bolman and Deal’s framework model helps to change the various conceptual approaches that an agent chooses for an issue. With due regard to the demand of the situation, alternative process may be successful for approaching the issue. The framework model of Bolman and Deal is used in the stage of planning to detect the needs of the organization for a change initiative, to analyze the institutional challenges as well as situation and to develop suitable measures (Scribd Inc. 2012). Structural: The changes made by the leaders with the utilization of this approach are focused on the structural elements between the organization and the strategy, adaptation and execution. Changes in the institutional structures work properly when the goals as well as the objectives are understandable, when relationships are understood accordingly and when there is less conflict or doubt. The commander of the TRADOC designs as well as implements the process to focus on the tasks and to develop a proper structure for the tasks with the

Services Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Services Marketing - Assignment Example 4). The organization, Esquires Coffee House, deals with coffee products and it is the only franchised coffee house in New Zealand with more than 40 stores (Esquires Coffee House, â€Å"About Us†). Service provided Service is an intangible offering to the customers with little or no transfer of physical products to the customers. Esquires Coffee House provides services to its customers by serving coffee made from 100% fair-trade organic beans (Esquires Coffee House, â€Å"About Us†). The company makes high quality coffee making it available across the globe with standardized service as well as in stylish and comfortable outlets attracting more customers. The symbol of the coffee house makes its intangible products tangible to the customers. USP of the service USP stands for Unique selling proposition and for Esquires Coffee House, USP lies on its coffee beans. The coffee beans are obtained from fair-trade organic coffee along with the latest technology used by the organi zation and every item is made out from topmost and fresh ingredients. As customers enjoy the coffee they can earn loyalty dollars and hence enjoy the reward by FairShare card adding to its USP (Esquires Coffee House-a, â€Å"FairShare†). ... Coffee houses tend to follow the service process including people as its service which takes places directly with the customers. The service process in Esquire’s coffee houses is as follows Figure 1: Service Blueprint of Coffee shops Service as system Esquire’s coffee houses aims to deliver its customers with the best coffee beans available and it is done through effective operations of the beans. The selection of beans is important in the process of making coffee perfect. The operation teams make sure that the best and organic beans are used to make coffee. The marketing department has made use of all the promotional strategy to create and generate awareness among the customers. The customers in the coffee house are served within few minutes after place the order and it can be said that the delivery process is an advantage to the firm. Service management trinity model The service trinity model talks about the three functional areas, marketing, human resource and operat ions (Blythe & Zimmerman, p.158). Operations includes the people, the facilities such as the ambience of the coffee house in Esquire’s coffee houses and the equipment such as the latest technology that is being used by the coffee house to bring out the best quality coffee beans for the customers which is highly invisible to the customers. The operation service also includes marketing but it also highlights components such as advertisements, billing, sales and others that takes place in Esquire’s coffee houses to create awareness. The human resources should be able to recruit and train the people to fit them in the operations and marketing areas. Services marketing environment PESTEL Analysis Political: The political condition of New Zealand is at par with the

Gender and Ethnicity in Relation to Childhood Inequality Essay

Gender and Ethnicity in Relation to Childhood Inequality - Essay Example According to the report findings individuals are socialized by the society to both behave carryout duties and responsibilities and live like either males or females. This segregation based on gender however causes massive cases of unequal treatment among males and females. This discrimination is because of the roles that the society has specifically constructed for either gender. These equalities are experiences in a variety of aspects within life. These include massive income disparities among workers, preference of males for positions of leadership, and employing only females’ job descriptions. As the research stresses young children based on their sex, begin to be cultured by the society to conform to what the social order considers to be the roles, responsibilities and duties set aside for members of either gender. This socialization of the children results in numerous inequalities. In most societies the male gender is considered to be more superior and important that the female. Based on this children begin to face constant unequal treatment from very early in life. In certain societies around the world, unequal treatment of children has been quite rampant. This is because of the how the society views members of either gender. The society from time immemorial has often considered the girl child to be of lesser value than their male counterparts. Most of the societies around the world would prefer the male child.

Attack Essay Example for Free

Attack Essay Attack is a poem written in 1917 by Siegfried Sassoon while he was convalescing from his wounds in a hospital in Scotland. He was a soldier who fought in the First World War. Attack is a short, 13-line poem written in speech rhythm with some rhyme. The poem is described in a very vivid way which makes the reader think that the author himself witnessed the scene. The poem begins with the poet describing the setting of the poem. The landscape is in a battlefield where there are still remains of previous battles. The poet pictures it in a way that makes the scene very menacing and uncomfortable. The poem goes on with the soldiers fighting in the attack with their hopes struggling in the midst of war. Sassoon then ends the poem with an impassioned plea, O Jesus, make in stop! One major technique that the author uses in order to convey of the horror of the battlefield and what it seemed to be like to be in an attack is literal and figurative imageries. Examples of literal images are the ridge emerges, bombs and guns and shovels and battle-gear, lines of grey, muttering faces. The poet uses very striking diction that makes the poem sounds more uncomfortable, for example, scarred slope. The colour of the atmosphere is described as dun and wild purple which accentuates on the menacing atmosphere of the setting. The verbs at the beginning of the poem are very significant as they seem to be particularly strong in this poem, like the description of the tank creep and topple over the ridge, the barrage that roars and lifts or the men who jostle and climb to, etc. On the other hand, the poet also uses a lot of figurative images. These figurative images include: time ticks blank and busy on their wrists, and hope, with furtive eyes, , flounders in mud, etc. These images help to personify and emphasize the meaning of the poem, for example, in line 11: While time ticks blank and busy on their wrists The figurative image here delivers the meaning of the soldiers while fighting in the attack, are not aware of the time and how it ticks blankly and busily on their wrists. These two adjectives creates an alliteration that further emphasizes the meaning of how the soldiers are just spending meaningless time on the battlefield, forgetting who they are and what they do. Furthermore, the same kind of hopelessness is caught by the image of the time ticks blank and busy. This idea is brought out to us more clearly by the two last lines of the poem. Hope is personified as something with furtive eyes and grappling fists that flounders in mud, as if to compare it to the soldiers. The short statement, flounders in mud is also mentioning the solders falling down and dying in the attack. The impassioned plea at the end by the author seems to have a great effect on the readers as it shows the emotions and how sincerely the poet wants everything of this to stop. The mood of this poem if mostly menacing to the readers, it somehow makes us sympathize for the soldiers. Seeing the images of the attack, it also seems to have an emotive effect on the readers. The punctuations in the poem also help the poem to create a bigger effect of this. In many lines, a caesura is used to make the previous sentence emphasized and creates suspense as well as having a greater effect on the readers. Overall, Siegfried Sassoon has showed through the poem Attack shows how the soldiers have to go to the battlefield to fight on the lands of previous battles, having time ticking through and as they fall down, their hope also flounders, leaving them with their faces muttered, their fists grappling

In Cases Of Juvenile Arrest, Rehabilitation, Not Punishment Should Be :: essays research papers

Why would our government try to hurt kids? Well, kids are being hurt right now. You see, in America punishment, rather than rehabilitation is being emphasized for juveniles who commit crimes. This way of thinking must stop with the addition of rehabilitation and prevention programs for juvenile offenders.States vary in their legal definition of a juvenile. In Illinois, for example, a juvenile is defined as any person below the age of 17. Using each states legal definition, the FBI reported that 62% of juveniles arrested in 1992 were referred to juvenile courts, 5% to a criminal or adult court, 2% to a welfare agency, and 1% to another police agency. The kids sent to adult prisons were eight times as likely to commit suicide. It has also been evident that those kids incarcerated with adults are also more likely to become repeat offenders. Legislation pending in congress now is debating several issues. Among them are weather to have children as young as 13 be prosecuted and sentenced as adults for certain crimes, give prosecutors the discretion to transfer a juvenile to an adult court in certain crimes, and allow juveniles to have incidental contact and in some cases be housed with adults.I take an opposing point of view with that of congress. If a 13 year old is imprisoned, how can he become a functional member of society upon his release? How will he create a positive lifestyle for himself? The real question is: How can he turn in any direction other than that of crime? He simple will not be able to. If a child is sent to a prison to stay in a cell for hours at a time, the only life he will know is the life he came from, not the life that could be his. Also, a prosecutor shouldn't have the privilege to decide what court a kid is placed in. A prosecutor has a built in bias; the decision should be left to a judge who would look in the best interest of the convicted person. The statistics prove that housing children with adults can only have a disastrous outcome for the juvenile. The goal of juvenile detention should be to rehabilitate and develop the individual. Appropriate educational skills need to be taught. Children need to be put in touch with their feeling through counseling. Juvenile offenders need to be exposed to role models from within their community and without.

Anagene Inc.

Anagene is a biotechnology firm started by Mark Hansen and Harold Bergman in 1993. Hansen and Bergman planned to combine microelectronics and molecular biology to develop products that would have broad commercial applications in genomics and other fields. Anagene’s mission was to facilitate breakthrough genetic analysis. The company went public in the year 1998 and raised $42. 9 million. The company’s core product was a cartridge which had to be analyzed with a Anagene-designed workstation. Management anticipated a long string of cartridge sales following the sale of each Anagene workstation. Product Information WORKSTATION Anagene’s first major product was a proprietary platform technology – The Anagene Molecular Biology Workstation. This included a loader (which could load four cartridges at a time), a reader (which read and analyzed one cartridge at a time) and a disposable cartridge that contained the company’s proprietary microchip. The product was priced at $160,000 – each workstation shipped with four cartridges. CARTRIDGES Anagene also sold disposable cartridges – priced at $150 each. Each cartridge contained an electronic chip that held test sites laid out in a geometric grid called an array. Cartridges could perform up to 99 tests on any single sample. As the company sold more workstations, it expected the demand for its cartridges to increase rapidly. MANUFACTURING Anagene’s management decided to outsource the production of workstations to Hitachi. Hitachi and Anagene would work together to cut costs through value engineering thereby enabling the transfer price to continually decrease. Initially, the final testing would be performed at Anagene’s facilities. As the company grew, this activity would also be outsourced to Hitachi. Anagene built its own manufacturing facility for the cartridges in order to capture the profits from the very high forecasted sales of its product. STANDARD COSTING SYSTEM AT ANAGENE DURING 2000 Anagene’s cost system calculated standard costs once a year. The process started by estimating the budgeted variable costs per unit – materials, direct labor, outside processing (several manufacturing steps had been outsourced), and scrap. Plant level overhead costs were allocated among cartridge manufacturing, instrument manufacturing, and R&D. These assignments were determined by the manufacturing department. The cost driver that was used to obtain overhead cost per unit was â€Å"budgeted production volume†. Machines used in the production process were assigned to different manufacturing steps which allowed for easy allocation of depreciation as an overhead expense. The standard cost per cartridge was then calculated by adding up the direct material, direct labor and overhead costs. Some other costs associated with the sale of cartridges included the unit cost of royalties and estimated returns expense. These standard costs were used for financial reporting purposes, assessing product costs and profitability. ISSUES Because of the infancy of the company and the genomics market, it was difficult for Anagene’s management to correctly forecast the company’s future sales volumes and thereby their gross margins. This led to frequent revisions to previously submitted estimates. In one instance, the company revised its estimate for the FY2001 that showed standard costs increasing by 40% and gross margins dropping from 65% to 45%. One of the main reasons identified for this reduction in margins is the increase in overhead costs due to reduction in budgeted volume. In the early quarters, sales are difficult to forecast and the company has experienced fluctuating production volumes and unpredictable gross margins, which has upset the board of directors. The purpose of the case study is to determine a new costing approach based on capacity. With large amounts of unused capacity, the decision of how to apply capacity costs is critical to the company's management and its reporting strategy with analysts. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITIES Essentially, there are four different kinds of capacity. Theoretical Capacity: -This is the volume of activity that could be attained under ideal operating conditions, with minimum allowance for inefficiency. It is the largest volume of output possible. Practical Capacity: – It is the highest activity level at which the factory can operate with an acceptable degree of efficiency, taking into consideration unavoidable losses of productive time (i. e. , vacations, holidays, and repairs to equipment). Normal Capacity:-It is the average level of operating activity that is sufficient to fill the demand for the company's products or services for a span of several years, taking into consideration seasonal and cyclical demands and increasing or decreasing trends in demand. Master-Budget Capacity :- It is similar to normal capacity, except it is a short-run level based on demand, it minimizes under- or over applied overhead but does not provide a consistent basis for assigning overhead cost. Per-unit overhead will fluctuate because of short-term changes in the expected level of output. Currently, Anagene is using this method. THE GAME PLAN Strategic cost management dictates the use of â€Å"practical capacity of resources rather than budgeted manufacturing volumes when calculating standard costs. If forecasted activity levels are used to calculate cost driver rates, a death spiral may launch in an organization. That is if the cost base (the overhead expense) is fixed, then any decrease in the activity level (the cost driver) will lead to a higher overhead cost per unit. This is a simple arithmetic response to a decrease in the denominator with an unchanged numerator. Using this new high cost driver rate to compute costs will lead to lower gross margins. This may lead the company to set higher prices. These high prices may cause product demand to lower leading to lower activity rates which are again fed into the system causing the cost driver to go up. This creates a vicious cycle. The cost driver rate should reflect the underlying efficiency of the process which is measured better by recognizing the capacity of resources being supplied. Anagene should use practical capacity which could be estimated by subtracting from the theoretical capacity the expected time required for normal maintenance, repairs, startups, and shutdowns. The case provides numbers on equipment depreciation, machine capacity, and manufacturing overhead to allow calculations for different overhead rates based on assumptions about how the plant's capacity costs should be assigned to production quantities.

Employment Law Essay

After viewing the Tutorial, completing the reading, and reviewing the Lecture notes in conjunction with the TCO, answer the following questions relating to ADA expanded by the ADAAA. If such a situation occurred in your workplace and you were the director of human resources: You are Role/Assignment: 1. Would you deem Karina disabled under the ADAAA? If so, what reasonable accommodations would you offer to her? Karina has a medical condition requiring her to take steroids and other medications. This condition led to Karina gaining weight and not able to wear two uniform items, the stockings and heels. These conditions affect her back, circulatory system, and endurance level. Additionally, according to her doctor, Karina must stop wearing the stockings and heels because of her condition. Based on this information, Karina does qualify as â€Å"disabled† even if she does not display symptoms that interfere with her ability to perform her duties. By taking medication, Karina is mitigating (reducing) the effects of her illness. However, her employer cannot consider this information in determining if she has a protected disability under the ADAAA. Karina and her employer should agree on an acceptable resolution that will meet her medical requirements, easily identify her as an employee, and ensure she presents a professional appearance. To accommodate Karina reasonably, the employer could offer her the opportunity to wear lower heeled (or flat) shoes without stockings. Another alternative would be to allow her to wear pants and flat shoes or black tennis shoes. 2. From an ADA policy standpoint, what would your ideal be in terms of an employer ADAAA policy? What would your ideal be as to what the employee (Karina) should be told by the HR department in regards to her rights and obligations pursuant to the ADAAA? From the employer policy perspective, focus on identification of reasonable accommodation requirements under applicable law, application of the legal requirements for this scenario, determinations as to whether reasonable accommodations can be made, and steps that can be taken to make specific accommodations if requested. An ideal ADAAA policy would comply with all federal and state laws concerning individuals with disabilities and respond to government regulations and guidance issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Additionally, the policy will not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities concerning application procedures, hiring, advancement, discharge, compensation (or benefits), training or other terms, conditions and privileges of employment. Individuals requesting accommodation and can be reasonably accommodated without creating an undue burden or causing a direct threat to workplace safety will be given the same consideration for employment as any other applicant. Candidates that pose a direct threat to the health, safety, and well-being to themselves or others and the threat cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation will not be hired. Electronics Are for You will reasonably accommodate qualified individuals with a disability to ensure they can perform the essential functions of their positions if doing so does not cause a direct threat to these individuals or others in the workplace. Furthermore, Electronics Are For You will not reasonably accommodate an individual if the threat cannot be resolved by reasonable accommodation and/or it creates an undue hardship to the organization. Individuals should contact HR with any questions or requests for accommodation. All employees are required to comply with organization safety standards. Current employees posing a direct threat to the health and/or safety to themselves or others will be placed on appropriate leave until a decision can be made regarding their employment situation. Individuals currently using illegal drugs will not receive coverage under the company ADA/ADAAA policy. The HR department is responsible for implementing this policy, including resolution of reasonable accommodation, safety/direct threat and undue hardship issues. Additionally, during recruiting and hiring phases the organization should devote efforts to assess an individual’s qualifications and if they can provide reasonable accommodation. Review training manuals and employee handbooks concerning disabilities to ensure they comply with ADAAA regulations. Under EEOC policy, employers may require employees to wear certain articles of clothing to protect themselves and coworkers (e.g., construction workers are required to wear certain headgear to prevent injury; health care workers wear gloves to prevent transmission of disease from or to patients). On other occasions, employers may impose dress codes to identify themselves more easily to customers or to portray a certain image (e.g., a store requires all sales associates to dress in black). This same policy may also prohibit employees from wearing certain items to promote a certain image (e.g., prohibitions on wearing jeans). If the employee cannot meet the dress code due to disability, the employer may still require compliance if the dress code is job-related and consistent with business necessity. An employer may also require an employee with a disability meet dress standards required by federal law. If an individual with a disability cannot comply with a dress code mandated by federal law, even with a reasonable accommodation, he will not be considered â€Å"qualified.† Electronics Are For You requires their female employees to wear miniskirts, heels, stockings, and sleeveless shirts. Unfortunately, Karina has an illness that makes wearing stockings and heels medically impossible. She is requesting reasonable accommodation based on her doctors diagnosis. Karina and her supervisor should discuss the situation and both come up with a solution to accommodate her needs and properly portray the company’s image. This could include allowing her to wear lower heeled shoes and no stocking, or dress pants and black tennis shoes.